Betaine is a kind of quaternary ammonium alkaloid, which is commonly found in animals and plants. Its unique molecular characteristics make it both polar and non-polar, that means it can interact with biological macromolecules, such as enzymes or protein complexes bind to the hydrophilic area, and can also bind to the hydrophobic area. It is an important non-toxic osmotic adjustment substance in higher plants.

Betaine can stabilize the structure and function of biological macromolecules under osmotic stress conditions, and at the same time can reduce the damage of osmotic water loss to the structure and function of cell membranes, enzymes and proteins under adversity conditions. Thereby improving plant resistance to various stress factors , as well as stabilize the key enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and terminal oxidases, photosystem II, peripheral polypeptides and other physiological functions, which are often affected by drought, saline-alkali, cold and other adverse environments during the growth of plants. Maintaining the normal progress of respiration and photosynthesis has important physiological significance. A large number of studies have confirmed that the application of exogenous betaine can greatly increase the resistance of various crops, fruit trees and forest plants to stresses such as salt-alkali, drought, high temperature, and freezing damage.

Healthy betaine not only promotes the growth of crops, improves the ability of crop capillary roots to absorb water and fertilizer, improves the physical, chemical and biological properties of crops to increase production and income, but also has a good anti-stress effect on crops and greatly improves crop resistance. It can also promote beneficial microorganisms rapid reproduction, activates the microbial flora (symbiosis), and improves the activity of beneficial microorganisms. Besides, it also increases soil organic matter content, improves soil aggregate structure, improves soil acidification and salinization, and reduces soil compaction.