Betaine, as a highly efficient methylrenal source, participates in the methionine circulation system. Betaine can also enhance the activity of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase, giving plenty of methyl to promote protein synthesis; Betaine also stimulates the production of soy lecithin in the animal body, reduces the activity of human fat in the liver to convert to enzymes, and promotes the production of apolipoprotein.

Elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy) are a separate risk source for cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that eating betaine at meal time can reduce the rise in Hcy after meals and thus stabilize the circulation of Hcy levels throughout the day. When the diet is deficient in essential nutrients, acetylcholine and betaine inhibit the methylation pathway of homocysteine and reduce the antioxidant effect of acetylcholine, thereby reducing the risk of aortic atherosclerosis. Olthof et al. 's study on healthy volunteers showed that compared with the intake of low-content betaine diet (0.5g/g), the intake of food materials containing betaine (2g/g) can reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by 5%-10%.This suggests a possible link between betaine intake and cardiovascular disease.

Betaine can maintain the ratio of S-adenylate methionine (SAM) and S-adenylate homocysteine (SAM:SAH), promote the unsaturated fatty acid ethanolamine to produce soybean lecithin according to the methylation effect, and increase the extremely low density protein (VLDL) content. VLDL can transport lipids from the liver to various organs throughout the body to reduce the deposition of lipids in the liver and maintain kidney function. Abdelmalek et al. conducted a randomized controlled scientific study of 55 non-steatohepatitis mild fatty liver patients, and 34 patients underwent liver biopsy after treatment, and found that the degree of hepatic steatosis was improved in the control experiment of the group of patients (20g/d) taking betaine orally.